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Organizational Structure in Buddhist Temples
Published：2014/08/08 General Knowledge Views：790
在寺庙中除住持外，还设有四大班首，八大执事等。四大班首是指导禅堂或念佛堂修行的；八大执事是专管全寺各项事务的。四大班首即首座、西堂、后堂、堂主。首座由住持聘请年高德劭的尊宿担任，为全堂修行的模范，掌禅堂中号令之权。八大执事是监院（库房负责人）、知客（客堂负责人）、僧值（又叫纠察）、维那（禅堂负责人）、典座（厨房、斋堂负责人）、寮元（云水堂负责人）、衣钵（方丈室负责人）、书记。监院综理全寺事务，掌管全寺经济。知客掌管全寺僧俗接待事宜。僧值管理僧众威仪。维那掌管宗教仪式的法则。典座管理大众饭食斋粥。寮元管理一般云游来去的僧侣。衣钵辅助住持照应庶务，调和人事。书记职掌书翰文疏。八大执事都是每年一任，由住持任命之。
藏蒙喇嘛寺院的组织：第一叫「智果」，又叫「古学」即是「呼图克图」。第二是「赤巴」，即戒行高深，经典娴熟的住持，是寺中最高领导人，三、五年一任；较小寺院叫「堪布」。其下有掌经喇嘛，叫作「翁则」，负诵经课程及解释疑义之责。铁棒喇嘛，叫作「格果」，负督察喇嘛勤情，有惩罚喇嘛及维持佛法之责。法神喇嘛，名叫「接巴」，负决疑卜筮之责。「根察」负统筹全寺事务，监察全寺出纳。管家喇嘛，叫作「根巴」，掌管寺内财产及收支事宜。充本喇嘛，叫作「涅巴」，负经管贸易之责。
（来源：互联网）
