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Buddhist abbot
Published：2014/08/08 General Knowledge Views：990
据《维摩诘经》记载，道高德超的维摩诘居士所居住的寝室，四方面各长一丈，即面积仅一平方丈，然而其限量无限。于是，禅宗寺院比附其说，用”方丈“二字称呼佛寺住持。
佛寺住持的居处称为方丈， 亦曰堂头、正堂。这是方丈一词的狭义。广义的方丈除指住持居处外， 还包括其附属设施如寝室、茶堂、衣钵寮等。
据《维摩诘经》说，身为菩萨的维摩诘居士所住的卧室虽仅仅一丈见方，却能容纳二千师子之座，有不可思议之妙。道世《法苑珠林感通篇》载：“吠舍厘国宫城周五里，宫西北六里有寺塔，是维摩故宅基。尚多灵神，其舍垒砖。传云：积石即是说法现疾处也。”“唐显庆年中，敕差卫尉寺承李义表前融州黄水令王玄策往西域充使。至毗耶黎城东北四里许，维摩居士宅示疾之室，遗址迭石为之，王玄策躬以手板纵横量之，得十笏，故号方丈。”(《释氏要览》卷上)许多史籍都言，方丈之得名源于王玄策此举。然而，《文选》中收有王简栖《头陀寺碑》已出现“方丈”一词。其文说：“宋大明五年，始立方丈茅茨，以庇经像。”高诱注则说：“堵，长一丈，高一丈，面环一堵，为方丈。”“大明”为南朝刘宋孝武帝的年号，大明五年即公元461年。不过，这里所谓的“方丈”是否即是后世所指的含义，原文语焉不详，仅备一说。
