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    Life Enlightenment

    Published:2014/08/08 General Knowledge Views:878

    众生皆可学佛,不分在家出家,学佛一律平等,因为戒相少示差别。出家的男女众有五类:一、比丘 (Bhiksu),男子受过二百五十大戒的。二、比丘尼 (Bhiksuni),女子受过五百大戒的。三、式叉摩那尼 (Siksamana),是沙弥尼欲受五百大戒以前,先学六法的,比喻学校预科的制度。四、沙弥 (Sramanera), 是男众出家后,受沙弥十戒者。五、沙弥尼 (Sramanerika),是女众出家后,受沙弥十戒者。

    在家的男女众二类:一、优婆塞, 又称作乌波索迦、优波娑迦、伊蒲塞,意译为近事男、信士、信男、清信士,指在家亲近奉事三宝、受持五戒的男居士,与优婆夷同为在家的信仰佛法者。二、优婆夷。又称作优婆私诃、优婆斯、优波赐迦,译为清信女、近善女、近事女、近宿女,指亲近三宝、受三归、持五戒、施行善法的女众。但虽未受五戒,曾受三皈依的,亦是佛弟子。

    「比丘」的意义有三,为「乞士、破恶、怖魔」。「沙弥」是「息恶行慈」的意思。「式叉摩那」是「学法」的意思。「优婆塞、夷」是「亲近、奉事三宝」的意思。