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Life Enlightenment
Published：2014/08/08 General Knowledge Views：753
众生皆可学佛，不分在家出家，学佛一律平等，因为戒相少示差别。出家的男女众有五类：一、比丘 (Bhiksu)，男子受过二百五十大戒的。二、比丘尼 (Bhiksuni)，女子受过五百大戒的。三、式叉摩那尼 (Siksamana)，是沙弥尼欲受五百大戒以前，先学六法的，比喻学校预科的制度。四、沙弥 (Sramanera)， 是男众出家后，受沙弥十戒者。五、沙弥尼 (Sramanerika)，是女众出家后，受沙弥十戒者。
在家的男女众二类：一、优婆塞， 又称作乌波索迦、优波娑迦、伊蒲塞，意译为近事男、信士、信男、清信士，指在家亲近奉事三宝、受持五戒的男居士，与优婆夷同为在家的信仰佛法者。二、优婆夷。又称作优婆私诃、优婆斯、优波赐迦，译为清信女、近善女、近事女、近宿女，指亲近三宝、受三归、持五戒、施行善法的女众。但虽未受五戒，曾受三皈依的，亦是佛弟子。
「比丘」的意义有三，为「乞士、破恶、怖魔」。「沙弥」是「息恶行慈」的意思。「式叉摩那」是「学法」的意思。「优婆塞、夷」是「亲近、奉事三宝」的意思。
Pre: Four Etiquette
